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On the Cover The cover photograph features a remarkable shell gorget uncovered in Craig Mound at the Spiro site in Le Flore County, Oklahoma. It has been made utilizing a cameo technique, with the artwork raised above the surface of the gorget. The iconography features four quadrants, utilizing a face in each as well as one in the center. The gorget measures 5 ½” in width and is classified as a McGimsey style in Shell Gorgets – Styles of the Late Prehistoric and Protohistoric Southeast by Jeffrey Brain and Philip Phillips. Today, it is part of the collection of the Museum of the American Indian, and it is featured in the new exhibit, “Spiro and the Art of the Mississippian World,” which will be at the Birmingham Museum of Art from October 9, 2021 – February 6, 2022. Photograph by Steven R. Cooper
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Message from the Editor		131
In the Beginning	Bernard F. Fritz	132
Obituary - Bill Breidinger		132
Tracing an Artifact’s History: The Story of a Channeled Gouge from Massachusetts: Part 2	Bill Moody	133
Cahokia’s Man-Made Gems	Dean Crnkovich	135
A Split Bear Tooth Effigy Pendant	John Selmer	137
My Find of a Lifetime	Jeff Mayo	138
Birth of a “Bow-Neck”	Jack Wade	140
The Artifact that Wasn’t	E.J. Neiburger	141
Stone “Axehead Effigy” Smoking Pipe	Lawrence Cunningham	142
Update on a Poll-grooved Axe	Steven R. Cooper	143
The Lowly Scraper – Some Thoughts	Donald L. Foster	144
Indian Root Cellars?	Christopher M. Cramer	145
Down for the Count, but Not Out	Neal Schwarz	146
A Kootenai War Club	R. Stephen Irwin, M.D.	147
Rogues Gallery: In the Shadow of Devils Tower, Wyoming	Peter G. Murphy and Alice J. Murphy	148
Some Thoughts about the Origins of the Ground Celt and the Demise of Serrated Knives	Robert Moyer	150
“Claw” Scepters	Sandy Carter, M.D.	154
The Medford New Jersey Cuesta Quartzite Cache	Wayne H. Shelby	158
The Ellsworth Cowels Red Bird	Tim Tutle	160
The Guilford Culture in the Carolinas and Virginia Piedmont Region	Ron Harris	162
Federal Laws and State Registry Programs in Public Archaeology: A Review Essay	Gary S. Foster	166
The Battle of Iowaville: An Historical Account from 1873	David James	169
Nicotine Use at the Cherry Valley Site (3CS40), a Transitional Mississippian Period Native American Mortuary Site	Julie Morrow and Megan Steed	172
My Find of a Lifetime	Lloyd Freeman	175
A Wild Goose Chase	David Marlof	176
When Sleeping Dogs Don’t Lie: Uncovering Aboriginal Attitudes Towards the Canine	Scott Chandler	177
Membership Application / CSAJ back issues		180
Officers and Societies		181
Calendar of Events		184