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On the Cover Dreams do come true! These two Saddleface type bannerstones were uncovered together as a cache by Larry Tolliver in June of 2019. He was hunting for arrowheads in the afternoon in the vincity of Salt Creek in Monroe County, Indiana, when he happened upon them. He originally passed over the artifacts once and his hunting partner passed over them twice! When at last he spotted them, he saw only one and thought it was a “strange looking brick.” The other bannerstone was right next to it. They were buried perpendicular to the ground (i.e. straight up). Both are made of gneiss and have been prehistorically polished. The bannerstone at the front measures 3 inches in length. The one in the rear is 4 inches in length and is only partially drilled. According to David Lutz in his book The Archaic Bannerstone: Its Chronological History and Purpose from 6000B.C. to 1000 B.C., this style is one of the most prolific patterns of the Late Archaic time period. He asserts that the Saddleface evolved from the Tube bannerstone, and that the knobs on the ends were made to imitate the horns on deer. Collection of Larry Tolliver, Harrordsburg, Indiana
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Message from the Editor		3
Southeastern Council Pipes	Dr. Sandy B. Carter, Jr.	4
Middle Tennessee Hornstone	Todd Irvine	8
Obituary: James C. Cox		10
Surface Hunting Mississippian Sites in Missouri	Ron Bogg	11
Crescents: Transverse Points or Multipurpose Tools?	Dewey Deitz	12
Old Peoria Road	Paul Herrick	17
Obituary: Richard M. Burnett		18
What is the Smallest Three-Quarter Groove Axe?	Dr. David A. Easterla	19
Radiocarbon Dates for Old Copper in Rusk County	Gordon K. Morris and Jack Steinbring	20
Paleo Observations from a Field Collector	Robert Moyer	23
Something Extraordinary	Steven R. Cooper	28
Right Place at the Right Time:Timing is Every Thing	Ron Harris	30
The Rarest of the Rare: A Cache of Earspools	Joe Kinker	32
Perhaps the Only One? A Prehistoric Gorge	Jimmy Mattingly	34
A Darn Good Excuse	David Marlof	35
Did Polynesians Visit the Prehistoric Americas?	E.J. Neiburger	36
Tracing an Artifact’s History: The Story of a Channeled Gouge from Massachusetts	Bill Moody	44
The Brain	C.J. O’Neill	46
A Single Component Site in Sumner County, Tennessee	Leroy Irons	47
Beaded Knife Sheaths of the American Indian	Peter G. Murphy and Alice J. Murphy	49
The Real and Not So Real - Part Two	Steven R. Cooper	50
Archaeology and Artifacts	David H. Dye	51
Membership Application / CSAJ back issues		52
Officers and Societies		53
Calendar of Events		56