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On the Cover This beautiful gorget is on display at the University of Oklahoma, Sam Noble Museum in Norman, Oklahoma. The gorget was found in the 1930s at the Spiro Mounds site (34LF40), which is located in eastern Oklahoma, seven miles from the Arkansas River. This unusual gorget is similar in fashion to Cox Mound gorgets which depict crested super-natural avian beings at the four corners of the world. In this specimen, their heads emerge from the circular frame of shell (their design may be based on pelicans from the Gulf of Mexico), and revolve around a central design element, which resembles one utilized on triskele gorgets showing the axis-mundi (world axis). This element is fenestrated (cut out). Many items found at Spiro exhibit evidence of having traveled great distances, and it is possible this gorget was created as far away as Florida. One similar (but highly eroded) example was once in the Florida collection of E.G. Barnhill (1896-1987).The gorget measures 3 ¾ inches in width, and is shown actual size. For more on these gorgets, see page 116. Photograph by Steven R. Cooper
Letters to the Editor		115
Mississippian Four-Crested-Bird Marine Shell Gorgets from Tennessee and Alabama	Kevin E. Smith	116
A Missed Opportunity	Paul Herrick	120
Decatur Style Points in North Carolina	Ron L. Harris	122
Lost Lake Points Bring a Big Smile	Howard King	124
Chattanooga’s Citico Creek Mound	Thomas Crowl	126
Raised Ridge Axes - Part One	V. Gary Henry	132
Obituary: Philip Randolph Helms		134
The Proper Way to Document All Found Artifacts	King Ross	135
A Mysterious Trapezoid Stone	Dr. David A. Easterla	136
A Rare and Beautiful Cameo Bottle	Jim Maus	137
Thoughts and Lessons:   A Woman in the Flower Bed - Yes or No   Indian Red - Politcally Correct	David Marlof	138
Obituary: Robert “Bob” Rantz		139
Etowah Artifacts from the General William Tecumseh Sherman Collection	Steven R. Cooper	140
A Very Special Day	Andy Whitt	142
A Unique Set of Twins	Tim Dunham	143
Appreciating the Old Time Collectors	John M. Selmer	144
Hopewell Culture Blades from Upland Stream Locations in Northeastern Illinois	Edmund Butkus	146
It Must Have Been Fate	Josh Gerecke	147
Bannerstones: A Rebuttal to the Spear-Mounted Hypothesis	Larry Kinsella	148
DNA, Ancestry and the Tracing of Ancient Populations: The Case of Kennewick Man	E.J. Neiburger	151
Long Nosed God Maskettes	Dr. Sandy B. Carter, Jr.	159
Obituary: Ira Hascal ‘Hack’ Bertram		160
Three Frontier Knives of the Nineteenth Century	Peter G. Murphy and Alice J. Murphy	160
Archaeology and Artifacts	David H. Dye	163
Membership Application		164
Officers and Societies		165
Calendar of Events		168