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On the Cover This is a drawing by French architect Alexandre de Batz (1685-1759) of the building that once sat atop Mound C at the Grand Village of the Natchez. This wooden structure, known as the Sun Temple, held an eternal flame that burned day and night continuously. There were three bird sculptures on the roof. The interior also held a charnel house for the remains of the Natchez elite. The Grand Village was a political and religious center, and had just a small number of buildings. After over 40 years of peace, conflict occurred, with the Natchez killing over 200 French settlers at nearby Fort Rosalie and taking as prisoner many more. The French retaliated, and along with other tribes, attacked and defeated the Natchez. In 1731, those who were not killed in battle or fled, were sold into slavery and sent to the Caribbean. Below is Mound C today. For more on this and other prehistoric sites in Mississippi, see story on page 60. Drawing - Alexandre de Batz (1685-1759). Photograph - Steven R. Coop
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Message from your Editor		59
Mounds and Earthworks on the Public Highway Part Twenty: Mississippi	Steven R. Cooper	60
Collectors are Essential to Archaeology	Dr. E.J. Neiburger	66
Red Ocher in Archaeological Contexts	Dr. Sandy B. Carter, Jr.	68
Water-Edge Archaeology – A Water Edge Artifact	Dr. Alfred D. Savage	71
An Amazing Find from the 1980s	Paul Herrick	72
The Avery Hardin	Anthony Havens	73
Water’s Edge and Cornfields	Mark R. Hale	74
Alaska – Ancient Past	Nick Speer	75
Anciently Salvaged Gorget From Tennessee	John M. Selmer	77
Geographical Place Names and North American Archaeology	Gary S. Foster, Ph.D.	78
An Appalachian Style 4/4 Raised-Ridge “Barbed” Trophy Axe	Ron L. Harris	80
Huber Fluted Point Evaluation	Nils E. Nilsson	81
The “Lone Woman” Pipe – A Rare Artifact of the Nicoleños People	Steven R. Cooper	84
Prehistoric Indian Artifacts from the City of Chicago	Edmund A. Butkus	87
The Koshkonong Folsom	Dave Hunzicker	90
Crescent Archaic Blades	Leroy Irons	91
Book Review:   Walls Engraved Pottery – Organization and Analysis of a Corpus of Mississippian Engraved Pottery		92
Knobbed and Grooved Gouges and Adzes of the Northeast	William E. Moody	93
A Unique Gray Quartziferous Effigy Face Pipe (Historic?) from Northwest Missouri	Dr. David A. Easterla, Ph.D.	95
Move When the Wind Blows,Hunting When the Earth Had Four Corners – Part One	Scott Chandler	97
Membership Application / CSAJ back issues		108
Officers and Societies		109
Calendar of Events		112